"gouverner" meaning in All languages combined

See gouverner on Wiktionary

Verb [French]

IPA: /ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/ Audio: Fr-gouverner.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Old French governer, guverner, from Latin gubernāre, from Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer, drive, govern”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|fro|governer|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old French governer, {{inh+|fr|fro|governer}} Inherited from Old French governer, {{inh|fr|la|gubernō|gubernāre}} Latin gubernāre, {{der|fr|grc|κυβερνάω||to steer, drive, govern}} Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer, drive, govern”) Head templates: {{fr-verb}} gouverner Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], gouverner [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], gouvernant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], gouverné [participle, past], gouverne [first-person, indicative, present, singular], gouvernes [indicative, present, second-person, singular], gouverne [indicative, present, singular, third-person], gouvernons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], gouvernez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], gouvernent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], gouvernais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], gouvernais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], gouvernait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], gouvernions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], gouverniez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], gouvernaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], gouvernai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], gouvernas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], gouverna [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], gouvernâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], gouvernâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], gouvernèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], gouvernerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], gouverneras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], gouvernera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], gouvernerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], gouvernerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], gouverneront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], gouvernerais [conditional, first-person, singular], gouvernerais [conditional, second-person, singular], gouvernerait [conditional, singular, third-person], gouvernerions [conditional, first-person, plural], gouverneriez [conditional, plural, second-person], gouverneraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], gouverne [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], gouvernes [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], gouverne [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], gouvernions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], gouverniez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], gouvernent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], gouvernasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], gouvernasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], gouvernât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], gouvernassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], gouvernassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], gouvernassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], gouverne [imperative, second-person, singular], gouvernons [first-person, imperative, plural], gouvernez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. to govern
    Sense id: en-gouverner-fr-verb-TOvsG~GR Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French verbs with conjugation -er, Middle French entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 57 43 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 62 38 Disambiguation of Middle French entries with incorrect language header: 69 10 12 9 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 40 21 21 19 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 40 20 20 19
  2. to steer
    Sense id: en-gouverner-fr-verb-RXXxQEqS
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: gouvernance, gouvernant, gouvernement, gouverneur

Verb [Middle French]

Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], gouverner [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], gouvernant [gerund, participle, present]
Etymology: From Old French governer, guverner. Etymology templates: {{inh|frm|fro|governer}} Old French governer Head templates: {{head|frm|verb}} gouverner
  1. to govern
    Sense id: en-gouverner-frm-verb-TOvsG~GR
  2. to steer (a vehicle, etc.)
    Sense id: en-gouverner-frm-verb-sMpsai8Y

Inflected forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "guverna",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: guverna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: guverna"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "governer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French governer",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "governer"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French governer",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "gubernō",
        "4": "gubernāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin gubernāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "κυβερνάω",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to steer, drive, govern"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer, drive, govern”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French governer, guverner, from Latin gubernāre, from Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer, drive, govern”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverner",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernant",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverné",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverne",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernes",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverne",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernons",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernent",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernais",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernais",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernait",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernions",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.njɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverniez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernaient",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernai",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernas",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.na/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverna",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.na/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernâmes",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernâtes",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernèrent",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerai",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverneras",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernera",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerons",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverneront",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerais",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerais",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerait",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerions",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverneriez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverneraient",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverne",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernes",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverne",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernions",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.njɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverniez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernent",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernasse",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernasses",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernât",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.na/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernassions",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.na.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernassiez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.na.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernassent",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverne",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernons",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gouverner",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gouvernance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gouvernant"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gouvernement"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gouverneur"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "62 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "69 10 12 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 21 21 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 20 20 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to govern"
      ],
      "id": "en-gouverner-fr-verb-TOvsG~GR",
      "links": [
        [
          "govern",
          "govern"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to steer"
      ],
      "id": "en-gouverner-fr-verb-RXXxQEqS",
      "links": [
        [
          "steer",
          "steer"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-gouverner.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Fr-gouverner.ogg/Fr-gouverner.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Fr-gouverner.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gouverner"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "gouverner"
          },
          "expansion": "French: gouverner\n→ Romanian: guverna",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: gouverner\n→ Romanian: guverna"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "governer"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French governer",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French governer, guverner.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "m",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverner",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "gouverner",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle French",
  "lang_code": "frm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to govern"
      ],
      "id": "en-gouverner-frm-verb-TOvsG~GR",
      "links": [
        [
          "govern",
          "govern"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to steer (a vehicle, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-gouverner-frm-verb-sMpsai8Y",
      "links": [
        [
          "steer",
          "steer"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gouverner"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 3-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er",
    "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle French first group verbs",
    "Middle French lemmas",
    "Middle French terms derived from Old French",
    "Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
    "Middle French verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "guverna",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: guverna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: guverna"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "governer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French governer",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "governer"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French governer",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "gubernō",
        "4": "gubernāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin gubernāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "κυβερνάω",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to steer, drive, govern"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer, drive, govern”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French governer, guverner, from Latin gubernāre, from Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer, drive, govern”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverner",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernant",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverné",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverne",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernes",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverne",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernons",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernent",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernais",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernais",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernait",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernions",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.njɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverniez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernaient",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernai",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernas",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.na/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverna",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.na/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernâmes",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernâtes",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernèrent",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerai",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverneras",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernera",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerons",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverneront",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerais",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerais",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerait",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernerions",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverneriez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverneraient",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverne",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernes",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverne",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernions",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.njɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverniez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernent",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernasse",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernasses",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernât",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.na/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernassions",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.na.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernassiez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.na.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernassent",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverne",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernons",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernez",
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gouverner",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "gouvernance"
    },
    {
      "word": "gouvernant"
    },
    {
      "word": "gouvernement"
    },
    {
      "word": "gouverneur"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to govern"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "govern",
          "govern"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to steer"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "steer",
          "steer"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-gouverner.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Fr-gouverner.ogg/Fr-gouverner.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Fr-gouverner.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gouverner"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle French first group verbs",
    "Middle French lemmas",
    "Middle French terms derived from Old French",
    "Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
    "Middle French verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "gouverner"
          },
          "expansion": "French: gouverner\n→ Romanian: guverna",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: gouverner\n→ Romanian: guverna"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "governer"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French governer",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French governer, guverner.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "m",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouverner",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gouvernant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "gouverner",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle French",
  "lang_code": "frm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to govern"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "govern",
          "govern"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to steer (a vehicle, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "steer",
          "steer"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gouverner"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gouverner meaning in All languages combined (12.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/328",
  "msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "gouverner"
  ],
  "section": "Middle French",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "gouverner",
  "trace": "started on line 9, detected on line 46"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "gouverner"
  ],
  "section": "Middle French",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "gouverner",
  "trace": "started on line 7, detected on line 46"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "gouverner"
  ],
  "section": "Middle French",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "gouverner",
  "trace": "started on line 5, detected on line 46"
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'present participle or gerund of'",
  "path": [
    "gouverner"
  ],
  "section": "Middle French",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "gouverner",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
  "path": [
    "gouverner"
  ],
  "section": "Middle French",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "gouverner",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
  "path": [
    "gouverner"
  ],
  "section": "Middle French",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "gouverner",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.